2011.10.14.. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 1 Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER The Project has been realised with the support of the European Union and has been co-financed by the European Social Fund *** **Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának komplex fejlesztése konzorciumi keretben ***A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósul meg. PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY sote_logo.jpg dk_fejlec.gif INFOBLOKK 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 2 Peter Pazmany Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology BEVEZETÉS A FUNKCIONÁLIS NEUROBIOLÓGIÁBA INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL NEUROBIOLOGY www.itk.ppke.hu By Imre Kalló Contributed by: Tamás Freund, Zsolt Liposits, Zoltán Nusser, László Acsády, Szabolcs Káli, József Haller, Zsófia Maglóczky, Nórbert Hájos, Emilia Madarász, György Karmos, Miklós Palkovits, Anita Kamondi, Lóránd Erőss, Róbert Gábriel, Zoltán Kisvárdai, Zoltán Vidnyánszky Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 3 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellum: its structure and neuronal network Imre Kalló & Miklós Palkovits Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology I. Macroscopic and microscopic structure II. Functonal characterization of afferent and efferent connections III. Cerebellar neuronal network. Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 4 www.itk.ppke.hu Role of the cerebellum in the central organisation of movement It occupies a determinative site in the hierarchy of movement regulation Its basic function: -initiation, coordination, execution, learning of movement - ongoing control of posture It is in close relationship with the sensory and motor systems it receives information from - muscles and joints through the spinal cord - special neurons of the spinal cord - motor areas of the cerebral cortex - neurons of the brainstem (oliva inferior, formatio reticularis) - vestibular system - visual-and auditory system - associative cortical areas it provides information to -the ascending and descending motor systems Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 5 www.itk.ppke.hu Primary motor cortex rajz2-20100507 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 6 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page346 Descending lateral corticospinal pathway Ref:Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed.Edited by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2000 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 7 www.itk.ppke.hu Site of motor planning and generation of motor programs Kandel-page356 AMotor planning BMotor programs Ref:Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed.Edited by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2000 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum dia29b 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 8 www.itk.ppke.hu Subdivisions of thalamus with motor functions dia29a thalamus sma = supplementer motor area pma = premotor area VA-VL = Ventral anterior and lateral nuclei VP = Ventral posterior complex VPLo = Ventral posterolateral nucleus, pars oralis Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 9 www.itk.ppke.hu Basic neuronal connections dia22-6 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 10 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page761 Regulatory circuits VLo = Ventral lateral nucleus, pars oralis VLc = Ventral lateral nucleus, pars caudalis Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 11 www.itk.ppke.hu Location and gross anatomy of the cerebellum (rat) patkanyagyfoto Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 12 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel_page854 Brainstem Spinal cord The cerebro-cerebellar circuit Ref:Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed.Edited by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2000 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 13 www.itk.ppke.hu Location and gross anatomy of the cerebellum (human) 3D-brainskull Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 14 www.itk.ppke.hu Phylogenetic subdivisions of the cerebellum ARCHICEREBELLUM-posture PALEOCEREBELLUM-muscle tone NEOCEREBELLUM-regulated movement Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 15 www.itk.ppke.hu Functional anatomical subdivisions of the cerebellum Kandel-page835B-201005a VESTIBULOCEREBELLUM = archicerebellum FLOCCULO-NODULAR LOBE(balance, eyemovement) SPINOCEREBELLUM = paleocerebellum MEDIAL (VERMIS) + INTERMEDIATECORTEX(execution of movement) CEREBROCEREBELLUM = neocerebellum LATERAL CORTEX(planning and control of movement) Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 16 www.itk.ppke.hu Structure of the cerebellum Macroscopic structure-vermis, hemispheres, lobes, folia-peduncles-nuclei mod4 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 17 www.itk.ppke.hu Microscopic anatomy of the cerebellum: structure of the vermis and the cerebellar lobes are similar 1 1 vermis Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 18 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar lobes, peduncles and deep nuclei 15-201005 fig41-01 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 19 www.itk.ppke.hu 2 1 Microscopic anatomy of the cerebellum: middle cerebellar peduncle Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 20 www.itk.ppke.hu Deep cerebellar nuclei fig41-01-201005 Brodal-14-17-jobb Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 21 www.itk.ppke.hu Microscopic anatomy of the cerebellum: Deep cerebellar nuclei 3 5x NUCLEI Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 22 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar nuclei FASTIGIUS(MEDIALIS) EMBOLIFORMIS(ANTERIOR INTERPOSITUS) GLOBOSUS(POSTERIOR INTERPOSITUS) LATERALIS(DENTATUS) Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 23 www.itk.ppke.hu Functional anatomical subdivisions of cerebellum Kandel-page835 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 24 www.itk.ppke.hu Structure of the cerebellum MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE-vermis, hemispheres, lobes, folia-pedunculi-nuclei MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE-cerebellar cortex-layers-cell types Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 25 www.itk.ppke.hu Layers of the cerebellar cortex: 1-3 Medulla: 4 4 5x CB 3 LAYERS Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 26 www.itk.ppke.hu Cell types of the cerebellar cortex: Note the size, and the number of cells in the different layers 6 63x PURKINJE Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 27 www.itk.ppke.hu CELL TYPES Cerebellar cortex Purkinje cell- granule cell + basket cell- Golgi cell- stellate cell- glial cells White matter glial cells Cerebellar nuclei neuron+ glial cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 28 www.itk.ppke.hu Characteristics of the cerebellar neurons Cell types Layers Function Innervated neurons Projection neuron Purkinje cells Purkinje inhibitory Deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei Interneurons Granule cells Granule cell excitatory Purkinje-, stellate-basket and Golgi cells Basket cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Stellate cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Golgi cells Granule cell inhibitory Granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 29 www.itk.ppke.hu 5 20x PURKINJE M G Cell types of the cerebellar cortex: location of different cell types P Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 30 www.itk.ppke.hu Two types of cerebellar afferents: mossy fibers and climbing fibers Kandel-page836-201005 Cerebellar glomerulus Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 31 www.itk.ppke.hu Purkinje cells CER13 CER11TIF Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 32 www.itk.ppke.hu Neuronal connections of the Purkinje cells fig41-04b afferents efferents Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 33 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page837 Neuronal connections of the Purkinje cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 34 www.itk.ppke.hu Characteristics of the cerebellar neurons Cell types Layers Function Innervated neurons Projection neuron Purkinje cells Purkinje inhibitory Deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei Interneurons Granule cells Granule cell excitatory Purkinje-, stellate-basket and Golgi cells Basket cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Stellate cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Golgi cells Granule cell inhibitory Granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 35 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page837 Neuronal connections of the granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 36 www.itk.ppke.hu fig14-09 Structure of the cerebellar glomerulus Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 37 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page836-201005 Neuronal connections of the granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 38 www.itk.ppke.hu Activation of Purkinje cells by the axons of granule cells (paralell fibers) Kandel-page838 Red:Dendritic trees of Purkinje cells innervated by granule cells Greenand Blue: Dendritic trees of Purkinje cells innervated by inferior olive neurons located in different subdivisions of the nucleus Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 39 www.itk.ppke.hu Characteristics of the cerebellar neurons Cell types Layers Function Innervated neurons Projection neuron Purkinje cells Purkinje inhibitory Deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei Interneurons Granule cells Granule cell excitatory Purkinje-, stellate-basket and Golgi cells Basket cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Stellate cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Golgi cells Granule cell inhibitory Granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 40 www.itk.ppke.hu vekony-674dia Distribution of basket cells in the cerebellar cortex BasketcellsaremarkedbycJUN-immunoreactivity Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 41 www.itk.ppke.hu vekony-675dia The cell body of basket cells are in the Purkinje cell layer M G Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 42 www.itk.ppke.hu fig41-06 Lateral inhibition by basket cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 43 www.itk.ppke.hu Characteristics of the cerebellar neurons Cell types Layers Function Innervated neurons Projection neuron Purkinje cells Purkinje inhibitory Deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei Interneurons Granule cells Granule cell excitatory Purkinje-, stellate-basket and Golgi cells Basket cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Stellate cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Golgi cells Granule cell inhibitory Granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 44 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page836-201005 Localization and connectivity of stellate cells in the cerebellar cortex Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 45 www.itk.ppke.hu Characteristics of the cerebellar neurons Cell types Layers Function Innervated neurons Projection neuron Purkinje cells Purkinje inhibitory Deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei Interneurons Granule cells Granule cell excitatory Purkinje-, stellate-basket and Golgi cells Basket cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Stellate cells Molecular inhibitory Purkinje cells Golgi cells Granule cell inhibitory Granule cells Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 46 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page836-201005 Localization and connectivity of Golgi cells in the cerebellar cortex Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 47 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the afferent connections Pathways: cerebrum (cortico-ponto-cerebellar)mossy fibers spinal cord (spino-cerebellar)mossy fibers oliva inferior (olivo-cerebellar)climbing fibers formatio reticularis (reticulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers vestibular system (vestibulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 48 www.itk.ppke.hu mod53 The cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathway Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 49 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellum.jpg The cerebrocerebellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 50 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-38-5 Information processing in the cerebro-cerebellar pathway Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 51 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the afferent connections Pathways: cerebrum (cortico-ponto-cerebellar)mossy fibers spinal cord (spino-cerebellar)mossy fibers oliva inferior (olivo-cerebellar)climbing fibers formatio reticularis (reticulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers vestibular system (vestibulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 52 www.itk.ppke.hu Structure, location and function of the spinocerebellar pathway 667-mod7b-vestibularisnelkul Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 53 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellum2.jpg Spinocerebellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 54 www.itk.ppke.hu Brodal-14-6 Origin of spinocerebellar tracts Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 55 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the afferent connections Pathways: cerebrum (cortico-ponto-cerebellar)mossy fibers spinal cord (spino-cerebellar)mossy fibers oliva inferior (olivo-cerebellar)climbing fibers formatio reticularis (reticulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers vestibular system (vestibulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 56 www.itk.ppke.hu The olivo-cerebellar tract mod58a 02-alja Brodal-14-17-bal Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 57 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the afferent connections Pathways: cerebrum (cortico-ponto-cerebellar)mossy fibers spinal cord (spino-cerebellar)mossy fibers oliva inferior (olivo-cerebellar)climbing fibers formatio reticularis (reticulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers vestibular system (vestibulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 58 www.itk.ppke.hu The reticulo-cerebellar tract 09-mod60 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 59 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the afferent connections Pathways: cerebrum (cortico-ponto-cerebellar)mossy fibers spinal cord (spino-cerebellar)mossy fibers oliva inferior (olivo-cerebellar)climbing fibers formatio reticularis (reticulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers vestibular system (vestibulo-cerebellar)mossy fibers Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 60 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellum3.jpg The vestibulocerebellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 61 www.itk.ppke.hu Kandel-page835A-mod vestibular afferents Termination fields of the afferent pathways in the cerebellum cortico-pontin afferents spinal cord and brainstem afferents Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 62 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the efferentconnections Cerebello-cerebral pathway: Purkinje cell › cerebellar nuclei › › thalamo-cortical › rubro-spinal Cerebello-vestibular pathway: ›Purkinje cell ›vestibular nuclei › vestibulo-spinal Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 63 www.itk.ppke.hu 72dia-thalamus Ventral motor nuclei of the thalamus Execution of motor impulses Integration of informations deriving from the cerebellum and basal ganglia Modulation of motor impulses Co-ordination of motor impulses Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 64 www.itk.ppke.hu Dentato-thalamic and dentato-rubral pathways Kandel-page842-mod66 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 65 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the efferentconnections Cerebello-cerebral pathway: Purkinje cell › cerebellar nuclei › › thalamo-cortical › rubro-spinal Cerebello-vestibular pathway: ›Purkinje cell ›vestibular nuclei › vestibulo-spinal Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 66 www.itk.ppke.hu Pathways of the cerebellum: the efferentconnections Cerebello-cerebral pathway: Purkinje cell › cerebellar nuclei › › thalamo-cortical › rubro-spinal Cerebello-vestibular pathway: ›Purkinje cell ›vestibular nuclei › vestibulo-spinal Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 67 www.itk.ppke.hu fig41-08 Structure, location and function of the cerebello-vestibular pathway Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 68 www.itk.ppke.hu Anatomical IncomingRelayTermination fieldFunction regionsinformationsnucleus vermisvestibularfastigialmedial system:coordination of labyrinth,vestibularis nucleus,movements spinal cordreticular formation, (upper partmotor cortex Spinocerebellumof the body) cranial nerves (head, neck) intermediatespinal cordinterposituslateral system:coordination of cortex(lower partnucleus ruber (magno-movements of the body)cellular), distal motor cortex Cerebrocerebellumlateral cortexcerebral dentateintegrative system:initiation of cortexnucleus ruber (parvo-movements, cellular),planning and premotor cortextemporal-tuning (area 6)of movements Vestibulocerebellumflocculonodularvestibular lateralmedial system:posture, lobelabyrinth vestibularmotoneuronsvestibular reflexes Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 69 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Activation of Purkinje cells -climbing fibers -stimulation of single Purkinje cells -Golgi cell, inhibition by basket cells -mossy fibers -glomerulus –activation by T-axons Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 70 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Kandel-page837 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 71 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Kandel-page838 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 72 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model 11 Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 73 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Activation of Purkinje cells (signal divergence) -climbing fibers -stimulation of single Purkinje cells -Golgi cell, inhibition by basket cells - mossy fibers -glomerulus –activation by T-axons - Output –signal originating from Purkinje cells (signal convergence)- cerebellar nuclei › efferent pathways Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 74 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model vekony-21dia Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 75 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model PM97cikk-abra Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 76 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Cerebellum4.jpg Basal ganglia Premotor cortical areas Sensory associative cortex Cerebro- cerebellum Cerebellum Motor cortex Motoneurons Receptors Sensory cortical areas Peripheral receptors Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Cerebellar network model Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 667-mod91 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 77 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 667-mod91-6 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 78 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 667-mod91-1 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 79 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 80 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model 667-mod91-2+4 Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 81 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model 667-mod91-3 Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 82 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model 667-mod91-5 Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum Introduction to functional neurobiology: Cerebellum 2011.10.14. TÁMOP –4.1.2-08/2/A/KMR-2009-0006 83 www.itk.ppke.hu Cerebellar network model 667-mod91-2+4 Planning and programing Execution Movement Feedback signals Sensory signals Peripheral receptors Sensory cortical areas Receptors Motoneurons Premotor cortical areas Cerebro-cerebellum Sensory association cortex Basal ganglia Spino-cerebellum Motor cortex Cere- bellum