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Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and InfobionicsPrograms within a consortial* framework**
Consortium leader
PETER PAZMANYCATHOLIC  UNIVERSITY
Consortium members
SEMMELWEISUNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
The Project has been realisedwith the support of the European Union and has been co-financed by the European Social Fund ***

**MolekulárisbionikaésInfobionikaSzakoktananyagánakkomplexfejlesztésekonzorciumikeretben
***A projektazEurópaiUniótámogatásával, azEurópaiSzociálisAlaptársfinanszírozásávalvalósulmeg.

PETER PAZMANY
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

SEMMELWEIS
UNIVERSITY

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INFOBLOKK

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Peter Pazmany Catholic University  
Faculty of Information Technology

BASICS OF NEUROBIOLOGY

NETWORKING OF BRAIN STEM

www.itk.ppke.hu

Neurobiológia alapjai

(Agytörzs kapcsolatrendszere)

ZSOLT LIPOSITS


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SOME FEATURES OF NETWORKING OF THE BRAIN STEM

THE SOMATIC AND VISCERAL NUCLEI OF CRANIAL NERVES (III-XII) ARE LOCATED IN THE BRAIN STEM, THEREFORE, VIA THESE CONNECTIONS IT IS IN COMMUNICATION WITH MANY UNITS OF THE BODY
THE RETICULAR FORMATION AND THE CRANIAL PARASYMPATHETIC REGULATORY CENTER PROVIDE POWERFUL CONTROL OVER VISCERAL FUNCTIONS
IT HAS A PARTICULAR ROLE IN CONTROLLING THE SENSORY AND MOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE HEAD
IT RELAYS INFORMATION FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX TOWARD THE CEREBELLUM AND FROM THE CEREBELLUM TO THE THALAMUS
ITS CENTERS CONTROL THE MUSCLE TONE AND ORCHESTRATE MOVEMENTS
VULNERABLE, LONG ASCENDING SENSORY (MEDIAL LEMNISCUS, SPINOTHALAMIC) AND DESCENDING MOTOR (CORTICOSPINAL) PATHWAYS PASS THOUGH IT
NEURONAL CENTERS  OF CRUCIAL REFLEX MECHANISMS (PUPILLARY, ACCOMMODATION, VESTIBULO-OCULAR, JAW REFLEX) ARE IN THE BRAINSTEM
IT IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF SEROTONERGIC, DOPAMINERGIC AND ADRENERGIC PROJECTIONS TO THE ENTIRE NEUROAXIS


Basics of  Neurobiology: Networking of brain stem






MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN


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2


3


4


5



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SENSORY CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI

1. NUCL. MESENCEPHALICUS N. V.

2. NUCL.PRINCIPALIS N. V.

3. NUCL. SPINALIS N. V. 

4. NUCL. TRACTUSSOLITARII

5. VESTIBULAR NUCLEI

6. COCHLEARNUCLEI


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SOMATOMOTORCRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI

1. N. OCULOMOTORIUS. III

2. N. TROCHLEARIS. IV

3. N. ABDUCENS. VI

4. N. HYPOGLOSSUS. XII

5. N. TRIGEMINUS. V

6. N. FACIALIS. VII

7. N. AMBIGUUS. IX, X, XI





MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN



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2


3


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DORSO-MEDIAL COLUMN

VENTRO-LATERAL COLUMN


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1. N. EDINGER-WESTPHAL. III

2. N. SALIVATORIUSSUP. VII

3. N. SALIVATORIUSINF. IX

4. N. DORSALISNERVI X.






MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN


1


2


3


4

VISCEROMOTORCRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI


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ASCENDING PATHWAYS TRAVERSING THE BRAIN STEM





MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN




1

1. TR. SPINOCEREBELLARIS D.



2

2. TR. SPINOCEREBELLARIS V.



3

3. TR. SPINOTHALAMICUS
(EDINGER)


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ASCENDING TRACTS TERMINATING IN BRAIN STEM






MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN

1

1. FASCICULUSGRACILIS

2

2. FASCICULUSCUNEATUS






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ASCENDING TRACTS ORIGINATING FROM BRAIN STEM

1. LEMNISCUS TRIGEMINALIS

2. LEMN. TRIGEM. DORSALIS

3. LEMNISCUS MEDIALIS

4. LEMNISCUS LATERALIS

6. TR. PONTOCEREBELLARIS

5. TR. OLIVOCEREBELLARIS

7. NIGROSTRIATAL PATHWAY







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MIDBRAIN



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2



3



4



6



5



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DESCENDING TRACT PASSING THROUGH THE BRAIN STEM





MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN


1. TRACTUSCORTICOSPINALIS

1




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DESCENDING PATHWAYS TERMINATING IN BRAIN STEM


2

2. TR. CORTICOMESENCEPHALICUS





MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN


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1. TR. CORTICOBULBARIS


3

3. TR. CORTICOPONTINUS


4

4. TR. CORTICORUBRALIS

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5. FASC. TEGMENTALIS CENTRALIS


6. FASC. LONGITUDINALIS DORSALIS

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DESCENDING PATHWAYS ORIGINATING FROM BRAIN STEM






MEDULLA

PONS

MIDBRAIN

1. TR. TECTOSPINALIS


1

2. TR. VESTIBULOSPINALIS


2

3. TR. RUBROSPINALIS


3

4

4. TR. RETICULOSPINALIS




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5. FASC. LONGITUDINALIS MEDIALIS